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Musa al-Sadr
Mūsá aṣ-Ṣadr (4 June 1928 – disappeared in Libya on 31 August 1978) ((ペルシア語:امام موسى صدر), (アラビア語:السيد موسى الصدر), also ''Musā-ye Sader'' and ''Moussa Sadr'') was an Iranian-Lebanese philosopher and Shī‘ah religious leader who went missing in Libya. Many theories exist around the circumstances of his disappearance, none of which have been proven. Due to the lasting influence of his political and religious leadership in Lebanon, he has been referred to by Fouad Ajami as a "towering figure in modern Shi'i political thought and praxis."〔, chapter 26〕
==Early life and education==
Mūsá aṣ-Ṣadr was born in the Cheharmardan neighborhood of Qom, Iran, on 4 June 1928.〔ʻAlī Rāhnamā. (''Pioneers of Islamic Revival'' ) Palgrave Macmillan, 1994 ISBN 978-1856492546 p 195〕 He came from a long line of distinguished clerics tracing back their ancestry to Jabal Amel.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 His great-great-grandfather S. Salih b. Muhammad Sharafeddin, a high-ranking cleric, was born in Shahruhr, a village near Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon). Following a turn of frantic events related to an anti-Ottoman uprising, he left for Najaf.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 Sharafeddin's son, Sadreddin, left Najaf for Isfahan, which was then the most important centre of religious learning in Iran.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 He returned to Najaf shortly before his death, which occurred in 1847. The youngest of his five sons, Ismail (''as-Sadr''), was born in Isfahan, in Qajar Iran, and became eventually a leading mujtahid.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 The second son of this Ismail, also known by the name of Sadreddin, born in Ottoman Iraq, also decided to decisively settle in Iran.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 He whould become the father of Musa al-Sadr.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕 While settled in Iran, Sadreddin married a daughter of Ayatollah Hussein Tabatabaei Qomi, an important Iranian religious leader, who would thus become the mother of Musa al-Sadr.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕
Through his sisters, Musa al-Sadr is related to noted Iranian individuals namely Mohammad Khatami, Sadeq Tabatabaei, and Ahmad Khomeini.〔Houchang Chehabi,Rula Jurdi Abisaab. (''Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years'' ) I.B.Tauris, 2 apr. 2006 ISBN 978-1860645617 pp 137-140 (Centre for Lebanese Studies, Great Britain)〕
Musa al-Sadr attended primary school in his hometown and then moved to the Iranian capital Tehran where he received a degree in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and political sciences from Tehran University.〔 Then he moved back to Qom to study Theology and Islamic philosophy under ‘Allāmah Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabā'ī. He then edited a magazine called ''Maktab-e Eslām'' in Qom. In 1953 following the death of his father he left Qom for Najaf to study theology under Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim and Abul Qasim Khui.〔
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